Some basic concepts

plant cell structure

Tissues in plants

There are three main types of tissues in plants : Dermal tissues, vascular tissues as well as ground tissues.

Dermal Tissue

In nonwoody plants, the epidermis is usually regarded as a dermal tissue system.

•Some special examples include waxy coating called the cuticle, which could help prevent epidermal water loss. ( the water "floats" on the leaves' surface)

• However, in woody plants, the dermal tissues take the role of protective tissues to prevent water loss and physical attack. They are called periderm, which has a similar function as the epidermis in nonwoody plants. They are usually located in older regions of stems and roots

• Another special case is trichomes, which outgrowths of the shoot epidermis and defense plants from insects

the waxy tissue on plants

the trichomesare

Vascular tissue

To carry out long-distance transport between roots and shoots

There are xylems and phloems consisting of vascular tissues

Xylems: Transport mainly water and dissolved minerals upward from roots to shoots

Phloems: transport mainly organic nutrients from leaves ( made by photosynthesis) to other parts of plants ( from source to sink )

Xylem and phloem in roots

Ground tissue:

Actually, the tissue is neither dermal nor vascular tissue

Ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue is called the pith

Ground tissue external to the vascular tissue is called the cortex

Ground tissue controls most cell activity: photosynthesis, storage,and support. Etc

mesophyll ( transparent tissue ) in aloe is ground tissue

Plant organs ：

A plant contains six organs overall: Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds

Organs that supply nutrients

Root:

The root is one of the vegetative organs of plants, which is generally born in the soil. Its primary function is to fix the plant in the ground, absorb water and inorganic salts from the soil, and transport them upward to all parts of the plant.

Stem:

The stem is the main axis of the aboveground part of the plant, and its lower part is connected with the root. Leaves and branches grow on the stem. They are also composed of protective tissue, basic tissue, conducting tissue, meristem, etc.

Leaves

Leaves are one of the essential vegetative organs of plants and the main place of photosynthesis. It is composed of protective tissue, assimilative tissue, and conducting tissue. The main functions of leaves are photosynthesis, transpiration, and absorption.

Organs for reproduction:

Flowers

Flowers are unique reproductive organs of angiosperms. A complete flower consists of the calyx, corolla, stamen group and pistil group. Flower organs are of the great significance for pollination and fertilization of plants.

Seed:

Seeds are the unique reproductive organs of seed plants, which are formed after the fertilization of ovules. Seeds are usually composed of the seed coat, endosperm and embryo. The embryo in the seed is better protected, and nutrients are guaranteed during germination.

Fruit:

Fruit is a unique reproductive organ of angiosperms, which is developed from the ovary of the pistil after fertilization. It can better protect the seeds and is more conducive to the spread of seeds.

Millions of years ago, our world was surrounded by plants. They cultivate and nurture life on Earth. In history, they played a vital role in every field. They are such decent organisms that deserve to explore. More information would be on websites.

If you want to know more about plant biological knowledge, feel free to contact me at cathryndong@outlook.com or go to campel bio textbook